所謂(wei)“安全繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”是(shi)(shi)由數個繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組(zu)合而成(cheng),為(wei)的(de)是(shi)(shi)要能互補彼此的(de)異常缺陷,達到(dao)正確(que)(que)且低誤動作的(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)完整功(gong)能,使其(qi)失(shi)誤和失(shi)效(xiao)值愈低,安全因素則愈高(gao),“安全繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”并不是(shi)(shi)“沒有故障的(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”,而是(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)故障時做出有規則的(de)動作,它具有強(qiang)制(zhi)導向接點(dian)結(jie)構,萬一(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)接點(dian)熔結(jie)現象時也能確(que)(que)保安全,這一(yi)點(dian)同一(yi)般繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)完全不同。
安全繼電器是一個(ge)(ge)安(an)全(quan)回(hui)路中(zhong)所必須(xu)的(de)控制部分,它接受安(an)全(quan)輸(shu)(shu)入,通(tong)(tong)過內(nei)部回(hui)路的(de)判斷(duan),確定性(xing)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出開關信號(hao)到設備的(de)控制回(hui)路里。簡單地說(shuo),安(an)全(quan)繼電器都是雙通(tong)(tong)道(dao)信號(hao)型,只(zhi)有兩個(ge)(ge)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)信號(hao)都正(zheng)常(chang)時,安(an)全(quan)繼電器才能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作;在工(gong)作過程中(zhong),只(zhi)要其中(zhong)任一通(tong)(tong)道(dao)信號(hao)斷(duan)開,安(an)全(quan)繼電器都會(hui)停(ting)止(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)出,直到兩個(ge)(ge)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)信號(hao)都正(zheng)常(chang)且復(fu)位后才能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作。
電磁式
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一(yi)(yi)般由(you)鐵(tie)(tie)芯、線(xian)圈(quan)、銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)簧(huang)(huang)片等組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。只(zhi)要在(zai)(zai)線(xian)圈(quan)兩端(duan)加上一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,線(xian)圈(quan)中就(jiu)會(hui)流(liu)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),從(cong)(cong)而產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應,銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)就(jiu)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)吸(xi)引的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)克(ke)服返回彈簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)拉(la)力(li)吸(xi)向(xiang)鐵(tie)(tie)芯,從(cong)(cong)而帶動銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)動觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian))與靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(常(chang)(chang)閉(bi)(bi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian))吸(xi)合。當(dang)線(xian)圈(quan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)力(li)也隨之消(xiao)失(shi),銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)就(jiu)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)彈簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)反作用(yong)力(li)返回原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi),使動觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)與原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)釋放。這樣吸(xi)合、釋放,從(cong)(cong)而達到了(le)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)導通、切斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“常(chang)(chang)開、常(chang)(chang)閉(bi)(bi)”觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian),可以這樣來(lai)區分:繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)未通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)處于(yu)(yu)斷(duan)開狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian),稱為“常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)”;處于(yu)(yu)接(jie)通狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)稱為“常(chang)(chang)閉(bi)(bi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)”。
熱敏干
簧(huang)(huang)熱(re)敏(min)干(gan)簧(huang)(huang)繼電器(qi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種利用熱(re)敏(min)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性材料檢測(ce)和控制溫(wen)度的(de)新(xin)型熱(re)敏(min)開(kai)關。它(ta)由(you)感溫(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)、恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)、干(gan)簧(huang)(huang)管(guan)、導熱(re)安(an)裝(zhuang)片、塑料襯底(di)及(ji)其他一(yi)些附件組成(cheng)。熱(re)敏(min)干(gan)簧(huang)(huang)繼電器(qi)不用線圈勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci),而由(you)恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)產生的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力驅動開(kai)關動作。恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)能否向干(gan)簧(huang)(huang)管(guan)提供(gong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力是(shi)(shi)由(you)感溫(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)的(de)溫(wen)控特性決定的(de)。
固態式
固態繼電(dian)器是一種兩(liang)個(ge)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)為輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan),另(ling)兩(liang)個(ge)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)為輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)的(de)四(si)端(duan)器件(jian),中間采用隔離器件(jian)實現輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)隔離。
安全繼電器的內部線(xian)路原理(li):
安全繼(ji)電器2種應用對應接線圖如(ru)下:
在(zai)我們的(de)日(ri)常工(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此(ci)(ci)類繼(ji)電器常見(jian)于電氣設備(bei)(bei)(bei)控制系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),尤(you)其是(shi)國外(wai)的(de)進口設備(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為常見(jian)。特別是(shi)在(zai)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)突(tu)然故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi),在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)未消除(chu)或者(zhe)故(gu)障(zhang)未確認前,設備(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)無法正常運(yun)轉的(de)。以(yi)此(ci)(ci)防止設備(bei)(bei)(bei)故(gu)障(zhang)后突(tu)然運(yun)行給人身或設備(bei)(bei)(bei)帶(dai)來危的(de)險。
我們以PNOZ V安(an)全繼電器為例,其(qi)內部(bu)控制電路如下圖(tu)所示:
安全繼電器使用要點說明如下:
1.電源的接法。 圖中A1和(he)A2為(wei)電源端子,A1 接24V+;A2接0V。
2.在(zai)控(kong)制輸入電路中,正常使用(yong)時,需要(yao)在(zai)S11和S12 以及 S11和S22之間接入所需要(yao)的開關條(tiao)件。一般(ban)為觸點(dian)(dian)或者按(an)鈕接點(dian)(dian)。
3.在復(fu)(fu)位(wei)電(dian)路(lu)中,S33和S34之(zhi)間需要接入(ru)相應(ying)的(de)復(fu)(fu)位(wei)條件(jian)。與此(ci)同時(shi),Y1和Y2之(zhi)間的(de)條件(jian)也是復(fu)(fu)位(wei)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)一(yi)部分,兩者條件(jian)必須(xu)同時(shi)成立。
那么(me),它們是如何運行的(de)呢?
A。若需(xu)要安(an)全繼(ji)電(dian)器吸合(he)(即(ji)K1,K2,K4,K5有(you)(you)電(dian)),只滿足(zu)輸入(ru)電(dian)路有(you)(you)電(dian)(即(ji)端(duan)子S12,S22有(you)(you)電(dian))是沒有(you)(you)用(yong)的(de),要想讓K1,K2,K4,K5都閉(bi)合(he),除了(le)S12,S22有(you)(you)電(dian)以外,還需(xu)要滿足(zu)K3閉(bi)合(he)的(de)條件。
B.若滿足K3閉合,條件是K1,K2,K4,K5均失電,并且復位電路有電(即(ji)端子Y2有電)。即(ji)S33到S34導通(tong),且Y1和Y2也同時導通(tong)。
2.示(shi)例:在某(mou)設備控制電路(lu)圖(tu)紙中(zhong),其控制回路(lu)中(zhong),有如下圖(tu):
按上(shang)、下(xia)圖示接法(fa):若按下(xia)外部(bu)急(ji)停(ting)按鈕,后(hou)K11失(shi)電,那么(me)即(ji)使(shi)復位(wei)外部(bu)急(ji)停(ting)開關(guan)后(hou),即(ji)輸入回路(lu)已經有電,但(dan)是還必須按控(kong)制箱190SP1上(shang)的(de)故障確認按鈕后(hou),K11內部(bu)繼(ji)電器才(cai)吸合得(de)電。
綜上(shang)所述(shu),PNOZ安全(quan)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)可(ke)以滿足(zu)。:在(zai)緊(jin)急停止解除(chu)時(shi),機器(qi)不(bu)能出現突(tu)然再啟動(必須點擊故障(zhang)確認,即進行故障(zhang)復位才可(ke)以重新(xin)得電(dian)),從而保(bao)障(zhang)人身(shen)及其他(ta)的安全(quan)。